CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis and cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte antigen 4(CTLA-4) pathway either as single or combination treatments, have recently shown to achieve long-term survival rates in advanced non-oncogene addicted non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.1, 2, 3, 4, 5 However, despite the evidence of higher efficacy of immune-oncology (IO) treatment strategies compared with standard first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (CT), only a subset of patients seemed to respond.6