TNF and COVID-19: The levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were also found to increase in patients with COVID-19, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced protein 10 (IP-10), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-10 (Chen N. et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2020).