LdPP2C affects the host innate immune response by upregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) as well as nitric oxide (Jakkula et al., 2018), while LcPP2C elicits a strong proliferative response of T cells in patients with leishmaniasis (Burns et al., 1993). Here, IL6 is linked to leishmaniasis.