The ELN 2017 classification now utilizes both karyotypic abnormalities and the presence of mutations in NPM1, FLT3, CEBPA, RUNX1, ASXL1 and TP53 and this risk stratification has been validated in cohorts, primarily of younger patients with AML treated with intensive chemotherapy. This evidence concerns the gene NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia.