TNF and gastric cancer: For example, in 2020 Qeadan (91) found that MK2 (Map kinase-activated protein kinase 2) expression and a panel of associated cytokines secreted by GC cells, including G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), Mip-1β (macrophage inflammatory protein-1β), IFN-α (interferon-α), MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1), IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α to be linked to GC metastasis.