The evolving discipline of molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) offers a powerful approach to explain the interpersonal susceptibility to carcinogenesis and to clarify the role of microbial variation and dysbiosis in the development and progression of tumour anatomical sub-sites within the colorectum and by tumour molecular sub-type features (e.g., inherited MMR mutations, somatic mutations such as in the KRAS, APC, BRAF and PIK3CA genes, microsatellite instability, epigenetic modifications) (62). The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is neoplasm.