TMEM216 and ciliopathy: The established ciliopathy genes are AHI1, JBTS9, MKS9, MKS10, TECT3, TECT2, BBS13, EVC2, TMEM216 and TCTN1, while genes that are candidates for ciliopathy include DCTN1 and FOP (Stewart et al., 2016; Young & Bok, 1969).