IL1B and pulmonary emphysema: Thus, the association between elevated IL-1β and emphysema was more pronounced in never-smokers (aOR: 4.53 [95%CI: 2.05-9.98], p<0.001) than in former (aOR: 1.29 [95%CI: 0.67-2.48], p=0.453) and current-smokers (aOR: 0.97 [95%CI: 0.37-2.54], p=0.950).