Elevated TNFα (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.89 [95%CI: 1.26-2.83], p=0.002) and IL-1β (aOR: 1.72 [95%CI: 1.14-2.59], p=0.009) were associated with emphysema in base models with adjustment for age and sex only (Table 3). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is pulmonary emphysema.