CCL2 and serum lipopolysaccharide activity: Xanomelin suppresses TNF-α and IL-6 levels and improves survival in an endotoxemia model. Treatment with ex vivo endotoxin-stimulated splenocytes shows significantly less sensitivity to inflammatory activation and lower secretion of TNF-α, IFN-γ, MCP1, IL-6, and IL-10 (199).