Stimulates vagus nerve and enhance ACh biosynthesis by upregulating enhanced ChAT activity and expression of VAChT in murine RA model. (109)  Upregulates gene expression of M1 and M3 mAChR, choline acetyltransferase, and GLUT3 in the cerebral cortex of diabetic rats (110). This evidence concerns the gene CHAT and rheumatoid arthritis.