Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the plasma concentrations of type 1 (IFNγ, IL-2, and TNFα), type 17 (IL-17A), and other pro-inflammatory (IL-6, GM-CSF IL-1α, and IL-1β) cytokines as markers capable of distinguishing among children who were microbiology positive (confirmed TB) or those negative (unconfirmed TB) compared with unlikely TB children in a prospectively recruited discovery cohort and subsequently blindly validated by the validation cohort. Here, TNF is linked to tuberculosis.