To compare the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in children with active TB disease and with no TB disease (but with other respiratory illness), we measured the plasma levels of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2, IL-17A, IL-1α, IL-1β, GM-CSF, and IL-6 in children with confirmed TB (n=44), unconfirmed TB (n=47) and unlikely TB (n=76) (Figure 2). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and tuberculosis.