C5AR1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Figure 9 summarizes the main findings of the current study, in which in vitro and in vivo models targeting C5a-C5aR1 signaling demonstrated that envenomation by N. annulifera is a harmful hyperacute inflammatory condition that predisposes individuals to circulatory dysfunctions and ALI/ARDS development. Thus, we postulate that modulation of the C5a-C5aR1 axis could improve clinical outcomes in envenomation by N. annulifera as well by other venomous animals in which the C5a-C5aR1 axis is activated during physiopathogenesis.