In module 1, PKM, with the highest expression in mono-CD14+ cells in patients with severe COVID-19, was found to be involved in glycolytic metabolism, which may suppress the IFN response by mediating IFN-related genes, such as ILF3 (27), OAS2 (28), and OAS3 (29) (Figures 3C, E). Here, ILF3 is linked to COVID-19.