Moreover, this therapeutic strategy elicited strong ANXA2-specific immune responses in the TME as evidenced by increase production of IFNγ, an observation not found in the group receiving anti-PD-1 alone (109) In addition to PDAC and HPV-associated cancers, Lm-based vaccines have also been reported to synergize with ICI in a particularly challenging malignancy with low survival rates, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and hepatocellular carcinoma.