The IRAK4 inhibitor, chlorogenic acid, extracted from lonicerae flos, protects mice from endotoxic shock: chlorogenic acid inhibits autophosphorylation of IRAK4 in peritoneal macrophages subjected to various activating stimuli, including ssRNA, IL-1α, or HMGB1 (6, 68, 69). Here, IRAK4 is linked to Shock.