Those FoxP3-Ly49+(CD158e+ in humans)CD122hiHelios+CXCR5+ CD8 Treg cells were decreased as a percentage of total CD8 T cell population in lupus (144, 145), but such changes in proportion could be due to many reasons that cause shifts in various CD8 T cell subsets in lupus (146). Here, CXCR5 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.