TNF and congestive heart failure: Previous studies of our research have shown that high levels of TNF-α released from the blood after mechanical trauma are a key factor that leads to cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and the peak value in the plasma is observed 1.5 h after mechanical trauma; at the same time, many studies have proven that TNF-α plays an important role in cardiac dysfunction, including endotoxemia, chronic heart failure, and myocardial obstruction (Hardaway, 2000; Hori and Kim, 2019; Sun and Yan, 2019).