In contrast, the expression of CAV-1 was increased in ccRCC, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma (Thomas et al., 2011; Ruan et al., 2017; Lin et al., 2019; Mao, Tey, Ko, Kwong, Gao, Ng, Cheung, Guan and Yam 2019). Here, CAV1 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.