RIPK2 and colitis: Consistent with this idea, Hollenbach et al. showed that inhibition of RIPK2 by intraperitoneal administration of SB203580 improved clinical and histological scores in DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis, which was accompanied by the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine responses and NF-κB activation (Hollenbach et al., 2004; Hollenbach et al., 2005).