NLRP3 and gout: The leucine-rich region located at the C-terminus of the NLRP3 molecule can recognize the endogenous danger signals caused by MSU, and then MSU combines with NLRP3 to promote the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and drive caspase-1 to process pro-IL-1β into mature IL-1β, which leads to gout flare (Martinon et al., 2006).