CF airway inflammation is associated with excessive production of NF-κB- dependent inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and TGF-β1, neutrophil recruitment, and decreased response to interferon (IFN)-γ as well as further abnormalities in various signaling pathways (Nichols et al., 2008; Harris et al., 2009; Peterson-Carmichael et al., 2009; Lara-Reyna et al., 2020). Here, TGFB1 is linked to cystic fibrosis.