Furthermore, NF-κB signaling can be attenuated by glitazones through peroxisome proliferator activating receptor (PPAR) elevation (Zingarelli et al., 2003; Ruan et al., 2003) and there seems to be a deficiency of PPAR in CF (Perez et al., 2008). Here, NFKB1 is linked to cystic fibrosis.