Therefore, KIM-1 and NGAL were measured, which are biomarkers for early diagnosis of AKI, and increased upon damage to the normal kidney morphology, especially tubular injury involving the proximal tubular epithelial cells (Vaidya et al., 2008; Simsek et al., 2013; Luo et al., 2016). Here, HAVCR1 is linked to acute kidney injury.