LGALS3 and atrial fibrillation: Gurses et al. performed a case–control study and revealed that serum Gal-3 concentrations were significantly different between AF patients and non-AF control patients: (1) serum Gal-3 concentrations were significantly higher in AF patients than non-AF controls; (2) PsAF patients also had significantly higher serum Gal-3 than PAF patients [28].