In the multivariate Cox regression analysis model, after adjustment of confounding factors, plasma Gal-3 concentration (1.10, 95% CI 1.05–1.15, p < 0.001) and LAD (1.06, 95%CI 1.02–1.11, p = 0.008) were remained independent risk factors for AF progression from PAF to PsAF. The gene discussed is LGALS3; the disease is atrial fibrillation.