In 2014, Gu et al. [21] employed bisulphite pyrosequencing of 778 individuals with T1DM, with and without DKD, and reported a decrease in the DNA methylation levels within IGFBP1. In 2015, Swan et al. [22] assessed DNA methylation variation in genes which encode mitochondrial proteins using Illumina’s 450K and 27K methylation arrays in 442 individuals with T1DM and DKD. The gene discussed is IGFBP1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.