Based on the hierarchal clustering analysis results (Fig. 3) and key modulated signalling pathways (Fig. 5), the proteins complement C1q subcomponent subunit A (C1QA, 1.82-fold) and complement factor D (CFD, 2.51-fold) were differentially expressed in the SHF-F4 and SHF-F2 groups of schistosomiasis patients. This evidence concerns the gene CFD and schistosomiasis.