CCL2 and glioblastoma: It has been recently shown that LRRC4 binds to phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDPK1), facilitates activation of NF-κB of GBM cells, and promotes the secretion of IL-6, CCL2 and IFN-γ, and inhibits tumor-infiltrating Treg cell expansion and GBM cell growth (Li et al. 2017).