STAT3 and aneurysm: Tortuosity and ectasia appear to develop with increasing age [86] and may be explained by STAT3-mediated transcription of VEGF and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, whose expression are reduced in STAT3-HIES [87], and through dysregulated MMPs: MMP-8 is specifically implicated in aneurysm formation [88].