NPPB and heart failure: The assessment of acute myocardial damage is based on the presence in plasma of elevated cardiac biomarkers (i.e., troponin, creatine kinase), abnormal heart failure biomarkers (i.e., B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP), NT-proBNP), and abnormal 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) suggestive of ischemia or myocarditis.