Western blot confirmed that AOBEE inhibited p38MAPK, smad2/3 and TGFβ1 receptor II expression (Figure 6B), which suggested that lnc865 and lnc556 mediated the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of AOBEE through the TGFβ1–smad2/3 and p38MAPK signaling pathways. Here, TGFB1 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.