STAT1 and neoplasm: IFN-γ signalling through the IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR) activates the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) pathway to induce the expression of classical interferon-stimulated genes that have key immune effector functions, such as host defence against bacterial pathogens, modulation of immune and inflammatory responses as well as tumour immunosurveillance [30].