TSC2 and glioma: Moreover, it is known that certain tumor syndromes, e.g. neurofibromatosis type 1 and 2, tuberous sclerosis complex, familial adenomatous polyposis, and Li-Fraumeni syndrome, are associated with an increased glioma risk, indicating that pathogenic germline variants in the causative genes, i.e. NF1, NF2, TSC1, TSC2, APC, or TP53, predispose to the development of gliomas among other tumors [26, 42].