VEGFA and neoplasm: The hypoxic environments created by TACE further induced neoangiogenesis by stimulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production and other angiogenic pathways, promoting revascularization and growth of residual viable tumors and potentially leading to tumor recurrence and metastasis (Wang et al., 2008; Fernández et al., 2009; Llovet et al., 2016).