Furthermore, a rat model of DSS-induced colitis exposed to 8 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol in their diet for 4 weeks induced a more rapid and severe onset of colitis than controls and induced significant increases in pro-inflammatory markers (myeloperoxidase, CXCL-1, and IL-1β) (Payros et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL1 and colitis.