VEGFA and diabetes mellitus: Compared with the DM group, serum IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, and VEGF levels decreased significantly in the MMXM group (all p < 0.05), as did serum IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, and VEGF levels in the CD group (all p < 0.05).