Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death (ligand)-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and/or cytotoxic T lymphocyte-antigen 4 (CTLA-4) have emerged as a promising treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (Lee et al., 2018; Garon et al., 2019; Hellmann et al., 2019). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.