CGAS and bacterial infectious disease: Generally, binding of host proteins to cGAS can either enhance cGAS activation to facilitate detection and clearance of cytosolic DNA derived from viral/bacterial infection (foreign-DNA) and damaged genome or mitochondrial DNA (self-DNA), or restrain cGAS activity at resting state to avoid unnecessary cGAS activation; while viral/bacterial proteins usually bind and inactivate cGAS to escape from innate-immune surveillance.