The viability of IL-1β-treated OA-CH was significantly higher in the presence of the control EV and Cur-EV treatment groups compared with the groups without EV treatment (Fig. 4a), whereas apoptosis of IL-1β-treated OA-CH was significantly decreased in the control EV and Cur-EV treated groups (Fig. 4b). Here, IL1B is linked to cyclic hematopoiesis.