Of note, in the presence of Cur-EVs, the decrease of phosphorylation of Erk1/2, PI3K/Akt, and p38 MAPK in IL-1β-treated OA-CH was stronger than after treatment with control EVs and free curcumin which shows the least effect (Fig. 8b–d). The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is cyclic hematopoiesis.