TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Overall, we found that genes near peaks with higher activity in RA SF monocytes were enriched in functional annotations such as immune response (P value: 2.96×10−14, hypergeometric-test), immune effector process (1.76×10−18), and several pathways including interferon, TNF, NF- κB, and TLR signaling pathways (1.64×10−03,5.10×10−05,3.49×10−03,8.46×10−03, respectively) (Methods).