Once prostate cancer occurs in patients, anti-androgens (also known as androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, which inhibit the signaling mediated by AR that plays a key role in the development of prostate cancer, thus acting as a type of chemical castration) are preferentially prescribed as a first-line therapy for the treatment of these diseases because most prostate cancer cells grow in an androgen-dependent manner [7,8,9] (Figure 1). The gene discussed is AR; the disease is prostate cancer.