VEGFA and neoplasm: In particular, a rationale exists for the combination of immunotherapy and antiangiogenic agents and preclinical models demonstrated that the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway induces the immunity response against the tumor and improves the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition [63], and the association of ICIs and antiangiogenic agents led to a synergistic effect in vivo [64].