ESR1 and metabolic disease: Nowadays, it is widely recognized that the liver is sexually dimorphic, with premenopausal females having a lower risk of developing hepatic diseases and liver-driven metabolic disorders than postmenopausal women and male counterparts; furthermore, key estrogen effects on sexual-specific and metabolic functions of the liver appear to be mediated through the activation of specific hepatic estrogen receptors (ER), notably the ERα, as reviewed in [4,5].