EGFR and cancer: PGE2 was reported to promote cancer cell proliferation through the trans-activation of epidermoid growth factor receptor (EGFR) [42]; induce angiogenesis via the HIF-1α/VEGF axis [43]; confer apoptosis resistance via Bcl2, p53 and c-Myc [44,45,46]; and enhance cancer cell migration and invasion via pro-inflammatory mediators [47].