NFKB1 and neoplasm: In the nucleus, NF-κB transactivates a multitude of target genes including cytokines (interferon gamma [IFNγ], IL1α and IL12); immunoreceptors (CD48, major histocompatibility complex I [MHC I] and MHCII); apoptotic regulators (Fas, FasL and BCL-xL); and growth factors (granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF] and macrophage-CSF [M-CSF]) that are essential for regulating immune responses and tumor growth [188].