VEGF via IKK/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway also modulates the expression levels of growth-related oncogene GRO-α (or CXCL1) and interleukin 8 (CXCL8) expression in HNSCC [86] and promotes the development of aggressive tumors. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.