Under current guidelines patients are selected for further clinical investigations for prostate cancer if they have an elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) (≥4 ng/mL) and/or an adverse finding on digital rectal examination (DRE) or lower urinary tract symptoms, whilst other factors such as age and ethnicity are also considered alongside patient preference [3,4,5]. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is prostate cancer.