TGFB1 and cancer: Studies have shown the involvement of USPs in the regulation of multiple known cancer-related pathways, including p53, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), protein kinase B (Akt), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAKs/STATs), and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).