TP53 and cancer: p53 has been determined to be a nuclear transcription factor that is a commonly mutated gene in cancer especially in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells; however, p53 also plays a vital role in apoptosis induction where mutated p53 is stabilized by elevated levels of phospholipase D activity [26] or via activation of p73 and p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) [27].