Extracellular vesicles could mediate hypoxia-induced prostate cancer progression, enhanced the invasiveness and stemness of prostate cancer cells and increased the level of signalling molecules such as TGF-β2, TNF-lα, IL-6, tumour susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101), protein kinase B (PKB or Akt), integrin-linked kinase 1 (ILK1), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and β-catenin [151]. This evidence concerns the gene ILK and prostate cancer.