Circulating levels of the macrophage-derived profibrotic protein galectin-3 are associated with worse outcomes for HFpEF patients; galectin-3 acts upon fibroblasts to induce proliferation and collagen production [95,96] and levels are elevated in sera and synovial fluid of both undifferentiated arthritis (pre-RA) as well as diagnosed RA patients [97,98,99]. This evidence concerns the gene LGALS3 and rheumatoid arthritis.