TNF and Hepatitis: Elevated levels of cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-lβ, IL-6, and chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) after BDE-47 exposure, induced liver inflammation in mice [194], aggravated hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in the mouse by oxidative stress and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines [152].