TNF and neoplasm: In contrast, since it reduced both epithelial and mesenchymal-associated genes in T47D cells, this suggests that this treatment may slow down the rate of phenotypic changes and potentially promote tumour progression, as suggested by the cytokine secretion that showed that the TNFα, VEGF-A, TGFβ3, and TGFα cytokines (Table 5) play important roles in mediating AnaAto-induced responses in T47D cells.